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MW design for mobile networks

MW design for mobile networks deals with the Microwave (MW) Links planning for both mobile network backhaul and fronthaul, including the long-haul as well as the short-haul design
Aimed At
Course Review
Why Choose this Course
You will learn
Course Outline
Training Format
FAQ's

Customer Tailored

We can tailor the included topics,tech level,and duration of this course right to your team’s technical requirements and needs. - MCNS offers courses to companies, institutions, departments etc and not to individuals as per open courses.
Aimed At

MW design for mobile networks is mainly aimed at a technical audience. It is suitable for technical professionals, RAN operators, RF and MW engineers, Radio planning engineers, RAN optimization engineers, defense sector who currently are or will be involved in  4G(LTE)/5G fronthaul and backhaul over MW link deployments. Moreover it is useful for Broadcasting and Transmission network companies wishing to move towards more flexible 4G(LTE)/5G deployments over MW transmission links.

  • Prerequisites: Those wishing to take this course should have a good understanding of Mobile and 4G(LTE)/5G technology as well as Microwave (MW) link communication basic principles.
Course Review

This 4G(LTE)/5G MW training course is designed for engineers with knowledge of MW technology and MW Link Communications who desire to acquire greater knowledge in MW link applications in the areas of Mobile fronthaul and backhaul network. It offers basic understanding of MW link design, fully analyzing the atmospheric and terrain propagation conditions and effects up to the basic MW link budget design. Emphasis is given to the MW design for mobile network deployment opportunities, challenges, and risks that’s needed to exploit and deploy the 4G(LTE)/ 5G fronthaul over MW from the throughput, Quality of Service and capacity perspective. The course is supported by proper excel dimensioning (calculator) files for practical exercises and case studies.

Course Benefits for individuals (Professionals)
  • Understanding 4G(LTE)/5G deployment over MW requirements
  • Explore 4G(LTE)/5G fronthaul and backhaul over MW coverage and capacity principles
  • Learn about MW transmission networks and its link performance.
  • Introduce engineers into the fundamentals of MW link communications with reference to MW link budget and throughput.
  • Explore the MW transmission characteristics and atmospheric propagation effects.
  • Practice on 4G(LTE)/5G network over MW link capacity and coverage planning tools (e. excel calculators examples) through practical exercises
Course Benefits for your Organization
  • Equip organization engineers with the necessary knowledge to accomplish difficult and complex tasks related to Mobile network backhaul and fronthaul planning over MW.
  • Keep ahead of competitors in offering new user cases and perspectives for 4G(LTE)/5G over MW link scenarios.
  • Learn how to design MW transmission networks for Mobile technology.
  • Identify new revenue streams that can be enabled with MW transmission networks for 4G(LTE)/5G.
  • Prepare for future network expansions and quality performance optimization
You will learn
The key points you will learn through this course

Microwave (MW) Link basics

Microwave (MW) Link Planning

Microwave (MW) Link Performance

Mobile Network Microwave (MW) Link Design

Course Outline
A short brief of your program details & schedule

Microwave Transmission Basics

  • Radio Frequency (RF) propagation
  • MW (E) and (H) fields
  • Sky wave, ground wave and sea level propagation
  • Line-of-Sight (LOS) and non-Line-of-Sight (non-LOS) propagation
  • Free space path loss models

Microwave (MW) propagation

  • Ground Reflection
  • Sky Reflection
  • Radio Refraction
  • Ground Diffraction
  • Atmospheric Scattering
  • Earth’s curvature and shadow
  • Fresnel zones
  • Absorption in terrestrial and sea environments

ITU-R MW Propagation models

  • Propagation over smooth earth
  • Propagation over irregular terrain
  • Propagation over rough and smooth sea level
  • Diffraction over irregular terrain
  • Reflection over smooth terrain and building walls
  • Reflection over smooth sea surface
  • Scattering over rough sea level
  • Case study I: MW short-haul and long-haul ground propagation characteristics
  • Case study II: MW short-haul and long-haul land-to-sea propagation characteristics

MW atmospheric effects

  • Refraction and variations in radio refractivity (N factor)
  • Snell’s law and the effective earth radius (K factor)
  • Rain attenuation
  • Specific rain rate and effective path length
  • ITU rain attenuation model
  • Cloud and fog attenuation
  • Other atmospheric attenuation

Microwave (MW) Antenna Basics

  • Isotropic and dipole radiators
  • Antenna gain and gain references
  • Estimating antenna gain
  • Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EiRP)
  • Antenna Reflector techniques, array techniques
  • Families of antennas used in wireless: Architecture and characteristics
  • Implications of propagation driving antenna selection
  • Multipath scattering in fixed and mobile clutter environment
  • Beamwidths and tilt considerations for MW antennas
  • Radiation patterns
  • Antenna gains, patterns, and selection principles
  • Exercise with excel calculators for antenna Gain estimation

Microwave (MW) Link Budget

  • Link budget overview
  • Line-of-sight (LOS) path loss models
  • Fresnel zone
  • Path loss and free space path loss
  • Antenna gain and frequency considerations
  • Atmospheric, weather, and rain attenuation
  • Terrain factors
  • Multipath loss
  • Rician and Raleigh fading considerations
  • Transmission line loss
  • Exercise: Typical MW link budget calculation

Microwave (MW) Link Channel Performance

  • Multipath fading
  • Rician, Raleigh and Nakagami fading
  • Threshold crossing rate and average fade duration
  • Delay spread
  • Scatter function, WSSUS model and SCRM model
  • Doppler shift effects
  • Channel coherence time and coherence bandwidth
  • Multipath fading margin
  • Channel impairments
  • Forward Error Correction (FEC)
  • Definition of coding types and coding gain
  • Types of block codes with examples: CRC and Hamming codes
  • Space-time and space-frequency block coding
  • Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding, with example
  • Interleaving and turbo codes
  • FEC coding gains and margins
  • Interleaving gain margin
  • Channel estimation and equalization
  • Linear versus non-linear equalization
  • Transversal filter
  • Zero-forcing equalization versus minimum mean-square error
  • Decision feedback equalization and training equalizer
  • Equalization gain margin
  • Antennas Diversity
  • Diversity types: Space, frequency, angle, polarization, hybrid
  • Diversity combining and improvements over non-diversity systems
  • Power Control
  • Practical exercises using excel calculator

Microwave (MW) Link Quality of Service

  • ITU standards and recommendations
  • Real MW equipment parameters and characteristics
  • Channel Capacity
  • IP transmission
  • Throughput estimation
  • Availability and error rate objectives
  • Measurements of bit error rate, eye patterns, and jitter
  • Practical exercise using Excel

Microwave (MW) Link Interference

  • Interference analysis for co-channel and adjacent-channel
  • Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) ratio
  • Threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio
  • Manual and computer-aided design for intra-system interference
  • Manual and computer-aided design for inter-system interference
  • Frequency planning
  • Case study: Detailed analysis of a terrestrial RFI case

Mobile Network Overview

  • LTE architecture
  • 5G NR NSA and SA architectures
  • 5G EPC architecture
  • CUPS split
  • 5GC architecture and slicing
  • 5GS implementations
  • S1 & X2 interface
  • NG & Xn interface

5G RAN Network overview

  • 5G gNodeB interfaces.
  • 5G NR Air interface
  • Active Antenna Units (AAU)
  • CU_DU split architectures
  • F1 & E1 interfaces
  • F1 & E1 protocols & messages
  • 5G NR Lower Layer split
  • 5G NR Higher Layer split
  • 5G Virtualized RAN (vRAN)
  • CPRI & eCPRI

5G RAN Network Design over MW

  • 5G Service: eMBB
  • 5G over MW BLER vs. SINR
  • E1 & F1 over MW link
  • eCPRI & CPRI over MW link
  • S1 & X2 interface over MW
  • NG & Xn interface over MW
  • Case Study: Mobile Network fronthaul over MW capacity analysis
  • Throughput estimation using Excel calculator
Training Format

Instructor-Led Training

On-Site Classroom: 3 days

Web delivered (Virtual): 3 days

Excellent and descriptive course material (pdf file) will be provided

FAQ's

Which are the most important components for a MW link design in mobile networks?

A single one-way microwave link between two base stations located at fixed points includes four major elements: a transmitter, a receiver, transmission lines and antennas. The transmitter produces the microwave signal that carries the information to be communicated. At microwave frequencies, coaxial cables and especially waveguides are the most frequently transmission lines used by engineers. The last elements of a microwave radio system are the antennas that are highly directional. Transmitter and receiver components are usually referred to as indoor unit (IDU) while the antenna is the outdoor unit (ODU)

Why are MW links preferred for mobile network operators (MNOs) backhaul design?

Microwave (MW) backhaul is the most commonly used technology due to a combination of its capability and relative ease of deployment making it a low-cost option that can be deployed in a matter of days. Most MNOs rely heavily on microwave backhaul solutions in the bands of 2 GHz up to 50 GHz, in addition to higher microwave bands such as V-band (60 GHz) and the E-band (70/80 GHz). Backhaul links using the V-band or the E-band are well suited to supporting 5G due to their 10 Gbps to 25 Gbps data throughput capabilities.

What are the major disadvantages of MW links backhaul design?

The main drawback is that microwave backhaul requires an operating license, apart from the V-band that is unlicensed and to a lesser extent the E-band which is lightly licensed. It is also possible to combine a low-frequency microwave band with a high-frequency microwave band to achieve high capacity over long distances with enhanced availability. Another disadvantage is the limited Quality of Service due to atmospheric dependencies and landscape basic transmission physics which leads to degradation of performance.

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